Razvoj analitičkog modela za iskorišćavanje bakra iz sekundarnih sulfida u hloridnim medijima u industrijskom okruženju Stručni rad
Bočna strana članka
Glavni sadržaj članka
Apstrakt
U multivarijantnoj analizi, model predviđanja je matematičko/statistički model koji povezuje skup nezavisnih varijabli sa zavisnim ili promenljivim varijablama. Ovaj rad prezentuje opisni model koji objašnjava iskorišćavanje bakra iz sekundarnih sulfidnih minerala (halkocita) uzimajući u obzir efekte vremena, visine jalovišta, površinske brzine ispiranja, koncentracije hlorida, veličine čestica, poroznosti i efektivne difuzije rastvorene supstance unutar pora čestice. Izluživanje bakra se zatim modeluje sistemom diferencijalnih jednačina prvog reda. Rezultati su pokazali da su visina jalovišta i površinska brzina toka ispiranja najkritičnije nezavisne varijable, dok su ostale od manjeg uticaja u primenjenim uslovima rada. U ovoj studiji dobijeni su reprezentativni parametri podešavanja, tako da se model može koristiti za istraživanje izluživanja bakra u hloridnim medijima, kao deo proširenog lanca prerade bakra.
Detalji članka
Broj časopisa
Rubrika
Ovaj rad je pod Creative Commons Aуторство-Nekomercijalno-Bez prerade 4.0 Internacionalna licenca.
Kada je rukopis prihvaćen za objavlјivanje, autori prenose autorska prava na izdavača. U slučaju da rukopis ne bude prihvaćen za štampu u časopisu, autori zadržavaju sva prava.
Na izdavača se prenose sledeća prava na rukopis, uklјučujući i dodatne materijale, i sve delove, izvode ili elemente rukopisa:
- pravo da reprodukuje i distribuira rukopis u štampanom obliku, uklјučujući i štampanje na zahtev;
- pravo na štampanje probnih primeraka, reprint i specijalnih izdanja rukopisa;
- pravo da rukopis prevede na druge jezike;
- pravo da rukopis reprodukuje koristeći fotomehanička ili slična sredstva, uklјučujući, ali ne ograničavajući se na fotokopiranje, i pravo da distribuira ove kopije;
- pravo da rukopis reprodukuje i distribuira elektronski ili optički koristeći sve nosioce podataka ili medija za pohranjivanje, a naročito u mašinski čitlјivoj/digitalizovanoj formi na nosačima podataka kao što su hard disk, CD-ROM, DVD, Blu-ray Disc (BD), mini disk, trake sa podacima, i pravo da reprodukuje i distribuira rukopis sa tih prenosnika podataka;
- pravo da sačuva rukopis u bazama podataka, uklјučujući i onlajn baze podataka, kao i pravo prenosa rukopisa u svim tehničkim sistemima i režimima;
- pravo da rukopis učini dostupnim javnosti ili zatvorenim grupama korisnika na osnovu pojedinačnih zahteva za upotrebu na monitoru ili drugim čitačima (uklјučujući i čitače elektonskih knjiga), i u štampanoj formi za korisnike, bilo putem interneta, onlajn servisa, ili putem internih ili eksternih mreža.
Kako citirati
Funding data
-
Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias
Grant numbers ANID/FONDAP/15110017
Reference
Flanagan DM. Copper. In Mineral Commodity Summaries 2021. Reston, VA, USA: U.S. Geological Survey; 2021; 52–3. ISBN 9781411343986.
Villela D, Kutscher C, Castillo E. Sulfuros primarios: desafíos y oportunidades. Comisión Chilena del Cobre (COCHILCO). Santiago, Chile: 2017.
ICSG. Copper: Preliminary Data for January 2020. International Copper Study Group (ICSG): Lisbon, Portugal: 2020.
Pérez K, Toro N, Gálvez E, Robles P, Wilson R, Navarra A. Environmental, economic and technological factors affecting Chilean copper smelters – A critical review. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2021; 15: 213–25. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.08.007
Navarra A, Wilson R, Parra R, Toro N, Ross A, Nave JC, Mackey PJ. Quantitative methods to support data acquisition modernization within copper smelters. Processes 2020; 8(11): 1–22. https: //doi.org/10.3390/pr8111478
Lazo A, Lazo P, Urtubia A, Lobos MG, Gutiérrez C, Hansen HK. Copper Analysis by Two Different Procedures of Sequential Extraction after Electrodialytic Remediation of Mine Tailings. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019; 16(20): 3957. https: //doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203957
Rodríguez F, Moraga C, Castillo J, Gálvez E, Robles P, Toro N. Submarine tailings in chile—a review. Metals (Basel) 2021; 11(5): 1–17. https: //doi.org/10.3390/met11050780
Toro N, Rodríguez F, Rojas A, Robles P, Ghorbani Y. Leaching manganese nodules with iron-reducing agents – A critical review. Minerals Engineering 2021; 163: 106748. https: //doi.org/10.1016/J.MINENG.2020.106748
Dijkstra R. Economical abatement of high-strength SO2 off-gas from a smelter. J South Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. 2017; 117(11): 1003–7. https: //doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2017/v117n11a2
Daibova EB, Lushchaeva I v, Sachkov VI, Karakchieva NI, Orlov V v, Medvedev RO, Nefedov RA, Shplis ON, Sodnam NI. Bioleaching of Au-Containing Ore Slates and Pyrite Wastes. Minerals 2019; 9(10): 1–11. https: //doi.org/10.3390/min9100643
Conić V, Stanković S, Marković B, Božić D, Stojanović J, Sokić M. Investigation of the optimal technology for copper leaching from old flotation tailings of the copper mine bor (Serbia). Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 2020; 26(2): 209–22. https: //doi.org/10.30544/514
Casas JM, Martinez J, Moreno L, Vargas T. Bioleaching model of a copper-sulfide ore bed in heap and dump configurations. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science 1998; 29(4): 899–909. https: //doi.org/10.1007/s11663-998-0149-0
Behrad Vakylabad A, Nazari S, Darezereshki E. Bioleaching of copper from chalcopyrite ore at higher NaCl concentrations. Minerals Engineering 2022; 175: 107281. https: //doi.org/10.1016/J.MINENG.2021.107281
Ghorbani Y, Franzidis J-P, Petersen J. Heap leaching technology – current state, innovations and future directions: A review. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 2015: 08827508.2015.1115990. https: //doi.org/10.1080/08827508.2015.1115990
Kevin Pérez , Norman Toro, Eduardo Campos AN and MHR. Extraction of Mn from Black Copper Using Iron Acid Medium. Metals (Basel) 2019; 9(10): 1–10. https: //doi.org/https: //doi.org/10.3390/met9101112
Hernández PC, Taboada ME, Herreros OO, Graber TA, Ghorbani Y. Leaching of chalcopyrite in acidified nitrate using seawater-based media. Minerals 2018; 8(6). https: //doi.org/10.3390/min8060238
Toro N, Ghorbani Y, Turan MD, Robles P, Gálvez E. Gangues and Clays Minerals as Rate-Limiting Factors in Copper Heap Leaching: A Review. Metals 2021, Vol 11, Page 1539 2021; 11(10): 1539. https: //doi.org/10.3390/MET11101539
Cerda CP, Taboada ME, Jamett NE, Ghorbani Y, Hernández PC. Effect of pretreatment on leaching primary copper sulfide in acid-chloride media. Minerals 2018; 8(1): 1–14. https: //doi.org/10.3390/min8010001
Pradhan N, Nathsarma KC, Srinivasa Rao K, Sukla LB, Mishra BK. Heap bioleaching of chalcopyrite: A review. Minerals Engineering 2008; 21(5): 355–65. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2007.10.018
Castillo J, Sepúlveda R, Araya G, Guzmán D, Toro N, Pérez K, Rodríguez M, Navarra A. Leaching of white metal in a NaCl-H2SO4 system under environmental conditions. Minerals 2019; 9(5). https: //doi.org/10.3390/min9050319
Velásquez-Yévenes L. The kinetics of the dissolution of chalcopyrite in chloride media: PhD Thesis, Murdoch University, Australia. 2009.
Velásquez-Yévenes L, Nicol M, Miki H. The dissolution of chalcopyrite in chloride solutions Part 1. The effect of solution potential. Hydrometallurgy 2010; 103(1–4): 108–13. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2010.03.001
Nicol M, Miki H, Velásquez-Yévenes L. The dissolution of chalcopyrite in chloride solutions Part 3. Mechanisms. Hydrometallurgy 2010; 103(1–4): 86–95. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2010.03.003
Torres CM, Ghorbani Y, Hernández PC, Justel FJ, Aravena MI, Herreros OO. Cupric and chloride ions: Leaching of chalcopyrite concentrate with low chloride concentration media. Minerals 2019; 9(10). https: //doi.org/10.3390/min9100639
Nicol M, Basson P. The anodic behaviour of covellite in chloride solutions. Hydrometallurgy 2017; 172(June): 60–8. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2017.06.018
Pérez K, Toro N, Saldaña M, Salinas-Rodríguez E, Robles P, Torres D, Jeldres RI. Statistical Study for Leaching of Covellite in a Chloride Media. Metals (Basel) 2020; 10(4): 477. https: //doi.org/10.3390/met10040477
Toro N, Moraga C, Torres D, Saldaña M, Pérez K, Gálvez E. Leaching Chalcocite in Chloride Media—A Review. Minerals 2021; 11(11): 1197. https: //doi.org/10.3390/min11111197
Cisternas LA, Gálvez ED. The use of seawater in mining. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 2018; 39(1): 18–33. https: //doi.org/10.1080/08827508.2017.1389729
Bogdanović GD, Petrović S, Sokić M, Antonijević MM. Chalcopyrite leaching in acid media: a review. Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 2020; 26(2): 177–98. https: //doi.org/10.30544/526
Yévenes LV, Miki H, Nicol M. The dissolution of chalcopyrite in chloride solutions: Part 2: Effect of various parameters on the rate. Hydrometallurgy 2010; 103(1–4): 80–5. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2010.03.004
Dimitrijević M, Urošević D, Milić S, Sokić M, Marković R. Dissolution of copper from smelting slag by leaching in chloride media. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 2017; 53(3): 407–12. https: //doi.org/10.2298/JMMB170425016D
Petronijević N, Stanković S, Radovanović D, Sokić M, Marković B, Stopić SR, Kamberović Ž. Application of the Flotation Tailings as an Alternative Material for an Acid Mine Drainage Remediation: A Case Study of the Extremely Acidic Lake Robule (Serbia). Metals 2020, Vol 10, Page 16 2019; 10(1): 16. https: //doi.org/10.3390/MET10010016
Sokić M, Marković B, Stanković S, Kamberović Ž, Štrbac N, Manojlović V, Petronijević N. Kinetics of Chalcopyrite Leaching by Hydrogen Peroxide in Sulfuric Acid. Metals 2019, Vol 9, Page 1173 2019; 9(11): 1173. https: //doi.org/10.3390/MET9111173
Córdoba EM, Muñoz JA, Blázquez ML, González F, Ballester A. Leaching of chalcopyrite with ferric ion. Part I: General aspects. Hydrometallurgy 2008; 93(3–4): 81–7. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.04.015
Molinos-Senante M, Donoso G. Water scarcity and affordability in urban water pricing: A case study of Chile. Utilities Policy 2016; 43: 107–16. https: //doi.org/10.1016/J.JUP.2016.04.014
Saleth RM, Dinar A. Institutional changes in global water sector: trends, patterns, and implications. Water Policy 2000; 2(3): 175–99. https: //doi.org/10.1016/S1366-7017(00)00007-6
Ministerio del Medio Ambiente. Informe del Estado del Medio Ambiente. Ministerio Del Medio Ambiente. 2020. https: //sinia.mma.gob.cl/estado-del-medio-ambiente/informe-del-estado-del-medio-ambiente-2020/. Accessed December 12, 2021.
IPPC. The Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report addresses the most up-to-date physical understanding of the climate system and climate change, bringing together the latest advances in climate science. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge University Press; 2021. ISBN 9780080967899. https: //www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ Accessed December 30, 2021.
Bárcena A, Prado A, Samaniego J, Pérez R. La Economía del Cambio Climático en Chile. Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL): Santiago, Chile: 2012. http: //repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/35372/1/S2012058_es.pdf. Accessed November 19, 2021.
Torres D, Toro N, Galvez E, Castillo D, Bermudez SA, Navarra A. Temporal Variography for the Evaluation of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Monitoring. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 2022; 15: 80–8. https: //doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3131414
Santibañez F. El cambio climático y los recursos hídricos de Chile. Agricultura Chilena: Reflexiones y Desafíos 2016: 147–78. https: //www.odepa.gob.cl/publicaciones/documentos-e-informes/el-cambio-climatico-y-los-recursos-hidricos-de-chile-diciembre-de-2016 Accessed July 03, 2021.
Roldán F, Salazar I, González G, Roldán W, Toro N. Flow-Type Landslides Analysis in Arid Zones: Application in La Chimba Basin in Antofagasta, Atacama Desert (Chile). Water 2022, Vol 14, Page 2225 2022; 14(14): 2225. https: //doi.org/10.3390/W14142225
Fuentes F, García C. Ciclo económico y minería del cobre en Chile. Revista CEPAL 2016; Abril: 165–92. https: //repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/40035 Accessed September 23, 2021.
Conejeros V, Pérez K, Jeldres RI, Castillo J, Hernández P, Toro N. Novel treatment for mixed copper ores: Leaching ammonia – Precipitation – Flotation (L.A.P.F.). Minerals Engineering 2020; 149 (December 2019) : 106242. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106242
Ortlieb L. Eventos El Niño y episodios lluviosos en el desierto de Atacama: el registro de los últimos dos siglos. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Études Andines 1995; 24(3): 519–37
Vargas G, Ortlieb L, Rutllant J. Aluviones históricos en Antofagasta y su relación con eventos El Niño/Oscilación del Sur. Revista Geológica de Chile 2000; 27(2): 157–76. https: //doi.org/10.4067/S0716-02082000000200002
Arens FL, Airo A, Feige J, Sager C, Wiechert U, Schulze-Makuch D. Geochemical proxies for water-soil interactions in the hyperarid Atacama Desert, Chile. CATENA 2021; 206: 105531. https: //doi.org/10.1016/J.CATENA.2021.105531
Jordan TE, Kirk-Lawlor NE, Nicolás Blanco P, Rech JA, Cosentino NJ. Landscape modification in response to repeated onset of hyperarid paleoclimate states since 14 Ma, Atacama Desert, Chile. GSA Bulletin 2014; 126(7–8): 1016–46. https: //doi.org/10.1130/B30978.1
Placzek CJ, Matmon A, Granger DE, Quade J, Niedermann S. Evidence for active landscape evolution in the hyperarid Atacama from multiple terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2010; 295(1–2): 12–20. https: //doi.org/10.1016/J.EPSL.2010.03.006
Kappes DW. Precious Metal Heap Leach Design and Practice. Mineral processing plant design, practice, and control. Vancouver, Canada: Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration; 2002; 12
Schlesinger M, King M, Sole K, Davenport W. Extractive Metallurgy of Copper. Fifth Ed. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Ltd; 2011. ISBN 9780080967899.
Saldaña M, Rodríguez F, Rojas A, Pérez K, Angulo P. Development of an empirical model for copper extraction from chalcocite in chloride media. Hem Ind 2020; 74(5): 285–92. https: //doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND200424031S
Saldaña M, Gálvez E, Robles P, Castillo J, Toro N. Copper Mineral Leaching Mathematical Models - A Review. Materials 2022, Vol 15, Page 1757 2022; 15(5): 1757. https: //doi.org/10.3390/MA15051757
Saldaña M, Neira P, Gallegos S, Salinas-Rodríguez E, Pérez-Rey I, Toro N. Mineral Leaching Modeling Through Machine Learning Algorithms − A Review. Frontiers in Earth Science 2022; 10: 560. https: //doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.816751
Mellado ME, Cisternas LA, Gálvez ED. An analytical model approach to heap leaching. Hydrometallurgy 2009; 95(1–2): 33–8. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.04.009
Mellado ME, Casanova MP, Cisternas LA, Gálvez ED. On scalable analytical models for heap leaching. Computers and Chemical Engineering 2011; 35(2): 220–5. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2010.09.009
Mellado ME, Gálvez ED, Cisternas LA. On the optimization of flow rates on copper heap leaching operations. International Journal of Mineral Processing 2011; 101(1–4): 75–80. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2011.07.011
Mellado M, Cisternas L, Lucay F, Gálvez E, Sepúlveda F. A Posteriori Analysis of Analytical Models for Heap Leaching Using Uncertainty and Global Sensitivity Analyses. Minerals 2018; 8(2): 44. https: //doi.org/10.3390/min8020044
Dixon DG, Hendrix JL. A mathematical model for heap leaching of one or more solid reactants from porous ore pellets. Metallurgical Transactions B 1993; 24(6): 1087–102. https: //doi.org/10.1007/BF02661000
Dixon DG, Hendrix JL. Theoretical basis for variable order assumption in the kinetics of leaching of discrete grains. AIChE Journal 1993; 39(5): 904–7. https: //doi.org/10.1002/aic.690390520
Dixon DG, Hendrix JL. A general model for leaching of one or more solid reactants from porous ore particles. Metallurgical Transactions B 1993; 24(1): 157–69. https: //doi.org/10.1007/BF02657882
Torres D, Trigueros E, Robles P, Leiva WH, Jeldres RI, Toledo PG, Toro N. Leaching of pure chalcocite with reject brine and mno2 from manganese nodules. Metals (Basel) 2020; 10(11): 1–19. https: //doi.org/10.3390/met10111426
Saldaña M, Toro N, Castillo J, Hernández P, Navarra A. Optimization of the Heap Leaching Process through Changes in Modes of Operation and Discrete Event Simulation. Minerals 2019; 9(7): 421. https: //doi.org/10.3390/min9070421
Liu B. Uncertainty Theory. In Uncertainty Theory. 4th Ed., Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg: Germany. 2007. https: //doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73165-8_5
Jaynes ET. Probability Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003. https: //doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511790423
Saldaña M, González J, Jeldres R, Villegas Á, Castillo J, Quezada G, Toro N. A Stochastic Model Approach for Copper Heap Leaching through Bayesian Networks. Metals (Basel) 2019; 9(11): 1198. https: //doi.org/10.3390/met9111198
Taha HA. Operations Research: An Introduction. 10th Ed., Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited; 2017. ISBN 9780134444017.
Petersen J. Heap leaching as a key technology for recovery of values from low-grade ores – A brief overview. Hydrometallurgy 2016; 165: 206–12. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.09.001
McCoy JT, Auret L. Machine learning applications in minerals processing: A review. Minerals Engineering 2019; 132 (November 2018): 95–109. https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2018.12.004
Peña-Graf F, Órdenes J, Wilson R, Navarra A. Discrete Event Simulation for Machine-Learning Enabled Mine Production Control with Application to Gold Processing. Metals 2022, Vol 12, Page 225 2022; 12(2): 225. https: //doi.org/10.3390/MET12020225