Green remediation of tailings from the mine using inorganic agents
Bočna strana članka
Glavni sadržaj članka
Apstrakt
Increasing amounts of residues and waste materials coming from industrial activities in different processes have become an increasingly urgent problem for the future. The paper presents the problem of mine tailings generated in mine "Sase" (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina) with high metal content (Pb, Cu and Zn). Dumpsite of this tailing represents potential risk for water bodies in the vicinity of this location. Chosen treatment process was stabilization/solidification (S/S). Inorganic agents used in this study were fly ash and red mud that represent secondary industrial waste generated on locations relatively near the mine. Therefore, their application can be used as an example of a sustainable solution of regional environmental problem. Further investigations are related to the impact of various factors on metals leaching from mine tailings solidified/stabilized material using the above mentioned immobilization agents. The performance of the immobilizing procedures was examined using several leaching tests: ANS 16.1, TCLP, DIN, MWLP. The results indicated that all S/S samples can be considered as non-hazardous waste, as all leached metal concentrations met the set criteria. These results will further enable the modelling of metals behaviour during long-term leaching from treated mine tailing. The data are invaluable in terms of economically and environmentally sound management of mine tailing.
Detalji članka
Broj časopisa
Rubrika
Kada je rukopis prihvaćen za objavlјivanje, autori prenose autorska prava na izdavača. U slučaju da rukopis ne bude prihvaćen za štampu u časopisu, autori zadržavaju sva prava.
Na izdavača se prenose sledeća prava na rukopis, uklјučujući i dodatne materijale, i sve delove, izvode ili elemente rukopisa:
- pravo da reprodukuje i distribuira rukopis u štampanom obliku, uklјučujući i štampanje na zahtev;
- pravo na štampanje probnih primeraka, reprint i specijalnih izdanja rukopisa;
- pravo da rukopis prevede na druge jezike;
- pravo da rukopis reprodukuje koristeći fotomehanička ili slična sredstva, uklјučujući, ali ne ograničavajući se na fotokopiranje, i pravo da distribuira ove kopije;
- pravo da rukopis reprodukuje i distribuira elektronski ili optički koristeći sve nosioce podataka ili medija za pohranjivanje, a naročito u mašinski čitlјivoj/digitalizovanoj formi na nosačima podataka kao što su hard disk, CD-ROM, DVD, Blu-ray Disc (BD), mini disk, trake sa podacima, i pravo da reprodukuje i distribuira rukopis sa tih prenosnika podataka;
- pravo da sačuva rukopis u bazama podataka, uklјučujući i onlajn baze podataka, kao i pravo prenosa rukopisa u svim tehničkim sistemima i režimima;
- pravo da rukopis učini dostupnim javnosti ili zatvorenim grupama korisnika na osnovu pojedinačnih zahteva za upotrebu na monitoru ili drugim čitačima (uklјučujući i čitače elektonskih knjiga), i u štampanoj formi za korisnike, bilo putem interneta, onlajn servisa, ili putem internih ili eksternih mreža.
Kako citirati
Reference
C.A. Langton, Chemical Fixation and Stabilization, in: C.H. Oh (Ed.), Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Treat-ment Technologies Handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2001.
M.T. Montañés, R. Sánchez-Tovar, M.S. Roux, The effectiveness of the stabilization/solidification process on the leachability and toxicity of the tannery sludge chromium, J. Environ Manage. 143 (2014) 71–79.
I.H. Yoon, D.H. Moon, K.W. Kima, K.Y. Lee, J.H. Lee, M.G. Kim, Mechanism for the stabilization/solidification of arsenic-contaminated soils with Portland cement and cement kiln dust, J. Environ Manage. 91 (2010) 2322–
–2328.
ANS (American National Standard) ANSI/ANS 16.1 Amer¬ican National Standard for the measurement of the leachability of solidified low-level radioactive wastes by short-term tests procedures. American National Standards Institute, New York, 1986.
D. Dermatas, X. Meng, Utilisation of fly ash for sta-bilization/solidification of heavy metal contaminated soils, Eng. Geol. 70 (2003) 377–394.
G.J. De Groot, H.A. van der Sloot, Determination of leaching characteristics of waste materials leading to environmental product certification, in: Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes, STP 1123, 2 (1992) 149–170.
A.T. Lima, L.M. Ottosen, A.B. Ribeiro, Assessing fly ash treatment: Remediation and stabilization of heavy metals, J. Environ Manage. 95 (2012) 110–115.
W.J. Halstead, Use of fly ash in concrete. NCHRP 127. Washington: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1986.
D.H. Moon, D. Dermatas, Arsenic and lead release from fly ash stabilized/solidified soils under modified semi-dynamic leaching conditions, J. Hazard. Mater. 141 (2007) 388–394.
E. Kalkan, Utilization of red mud as a stabilization mat-erial for the preparation of clay liners, Eng. Geol. 87 (2006) 220–229.
J. Yang, B. Xiao, Development of unsintered construct¬ion materials from red mud wastes produced in the sin-tering alumina process, Constr. Build. Mater. 22 (2008) 2299–2307.
N. Zhang, H. Sun, X. Liu, J. Zhang, Early-age charac¬ter-istics of red mud–coal gangue cementitious material, J. Hazard Mater. 167 (2009) 927–932.
I. Vangelatos, G. Angelopoulos, D. Boufounos, Utilization of ferroalumina as raw material in the production of ordinary Portland cement, J Hazard Mater. 168 (2009) 473–478.
K. Snars, R.J. Gilkes, Evaluation of bauxite residues (red muds) of different origins for environmental applic-ations, Appl. Clay Sci. 46 (2009) 13–20.
G. Atun, G. Hisarli, A study of surface properties of red mud by potentiometric method, J. Colloid. Interf. Sci. 228 (2000) 40–45.
S. Sushil, V.S. Batra, Catalytic applications of red mud, an aluminium industry waste: a review, Appl. Catal., B: Environ. 81 (2008) 64–77.
K. Zhang, H. Hu, L. Zhang, Q. Chen, Surface charge pro-perties of red mud particles generated from Chinese diaspore bauxite, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 18 (2008) 1285–1289.
USEPA Method 3051a, 2007, Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, soils and, Revision 1.
USEPA Method 7010, February 2007, Graphite Furnace Absorption Spectrophotometry, Revision 0.
ASTM D1557-00 Standard test method for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort American Society for Testing Materials. Annual book of ASTM standards:ASTMD1557-91, vol. 4.08. ASTM, Philadelphia, PA.
J.S. Nathwani, C.R. Phillips, Leachability of Ra-226 from uranium mill tailings consolidated with naturally occur-ring materials and/or cement: analysis based on mass transport equation, Water Air Soil Pollut. 14 (1980) 389–
–402.
Environment Canada, 1991, Proposed Evaluation Pro-tocol for Cement-Based Solidified Wastes, Environ-mental Protection Series. Report No. EPS 3/HA/9.
USEPA. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, method 1311, 2002b. Available at: www. EPA.gov/SW-846/1311.pdf.
DIN 38414-4 Teil 4: Schlamm und Sedimente, Gruppe S., Bestimmung der Eluierbarkeitmit Wasser S4, Beuth-Verlag, Berlin, 1984.
A.G. Kim, P. Hesbach, Comparison of fly ash leaching methods, Fuel 88 (2009) 926–937.
M.K. Jamali, T.G. Kazi, M.B. Arain, H.I. Afridi, N. Jalbani, G.A. Kandhro, A.Q. Shah, and J.A. Baig, Speciation of heavy metals in untreated sewage sludge by using microwave assisted sequential extraction procedure, J. Hazard. Mater. 163 (2009) 1157–1164.
Y. Yao, Y. Li, X. Liu, S. Jiang, C. Feng, E. Rafanan, Char-acterization on a cementitious material composed of red mud and coal industry byproducts, Constr. Build. Mater. 47 (2013) 496–501.
N. Zhanga, X. Liu, H. Sun, L. Li, Evaluation of blends bauxite-calcination-method red mud with other indus-trial wastes as a cementitious material: Properties and hydration characteristics, J. Hazard. Mater. 185 (2011) 329–335.
A. Tariq, E.K. Yanful, A review of binders used in cem-ented paste tailings for underground and surface dis-posal practices, J. Environ Manage. 131 (2013) 138–149.
USEPA 658/09, Solid waste disposal, Supporting doc-ument¬ation for draft Guideline for solid waste: criteria for assessment, classification and disposal of waste.
Waste classification guidelines, Part 1, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW, 2009
C.N. Mulligan, R.N. Yong, B.F. Gibbs, An evaluation of technologies for the heavy remediation of dredged sediments, J. Hazard.Mater. 85 (2001) 145–163.
A. Tessier, P.G.C. Campbell, and M. Bisson, Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals, Anal. Chem. 51 (1979) 844–851.
S. Mohan, R. Ganhimathi, Removal of heavy metal ions from municipal solid waste lechate using coal fly ash as an adsorbent, J. Hazard. Mater. 169 (2009) 351–359.
H.S. Altundogan, S. Altundogan, F. Tumen, M. Bildik, Arsenic adsorption from aqueous solutions by activated red mud, Waste Manage. 22 (2002) 357–363.
C. Brunori, C. Cremisini, P. Massanisso, V. Pinto, L. Tor-ricelli, Reuse of a treated red mud bauxite waste: stu-dies on environmental compatibility, J. Hazard Mater. 117 (2005) 55–63.
LAGA, 1996, Cooperation of the German federal author-ities on waste, Anforderungenan die stofflicheVer-wertung von mineralischenReststoffen/Abfällen, 5 September, 1995, Berlin, Erich Schmidt Verlag.
Official Journal of the European Communities, L11, Council Decision 2003/33/EC of 19 December estab-lishing criteria and procedures for the acceptance of waste at landfills pursuant to Article 16 of and Annex II to Directive 1999/31/EC, 2002.