Ispitivanje opasnog otpada - Studija slučaja karakterizacije prašine iz elektrolučne peći Stručni rad
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Kao međuprodukt procesa dobijanja čelika topljenjem sekundarnih sirovina na bazi gvožđa u elektrolučnoj peći, nastaje prašina. Ova prašina iz elektrolučne peći ima značajan sadržaj Zn i Fe, kao i Pb, Cd, Ca, Mg, Cr, Mn, Si, Ni, Cu, F, Cl i dr. elemenata i smatra se opasnim industrijskim čvrstim otpadom obzirom da u svom sastavu sadrži teške metale. U cilju zaštite životne sredine i javnog zdravlja od negativnog uticaja ove vrste opasnog otpada, neophodno je, čak i obavezno, sprovesti tretman otpada u skladu sa zakonodavstvom zemlje u kojoj se nalazi. Pre nego što se primeni bilo koji tretman prerade prašine iz elektrolučne peći, potrebno je izvršiti njenu detaljnu karakterizaciju. U ovom radu, izvršena je sledeća karakterizacija uzoraka prašine iz elektrolučne peći iz postrojenja u Republici Srbiji: fizička, hemijska, kao i mineraloška karakterizacija, određen je granulometrijski sastav, a određena je i procena uticaja prašine na životnu sredinu i zdravlje ljudi (testovi toksičnosti i lužljivosti). Rezultati istraživanja ove vrste opasnog otpada pokazali su da je sadržaj Zn u prašini iz elektrolučne peći iznosio od 32 mas.% do 35 mas.% i da su glavne mineraloške faze prašine cinkit, franklinit, magnetit i magnezioferit. Granulometrijska analiza je pokazala da se 80 % uzorka sastoji od čestica veličine manje od 26 µm. Što se tiče rezultata testa lužljivosti, prašina je okarakterisana kao opasan otpad zbog povećanog sadržaja hlorida, dok je testom toksičnosti utvrđeno da ispitivana prašina pokazuje toksična svojstva zbog povećanog sadržaja Zn, Cd i Pb.
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Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja
Grant numbers 451-03-68/2022-14/200052;451-03-68/2022-14/200131
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