Ex vivo testing of biomaterials for intervertebral disc repair using organ culture bioreactors Abstract
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) functions to distribute mechanical loads acting on the spine and to enable flexibility of the spine in multiple degrees of freedom. Degeneration of the IVD is a multifactorial condition that can lead to chronic low back pain and impaired mobility. Degeneration is characterized by a breakdown of the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the nucleus pulposus (NP) and the annulus fibrosus (AF) of the IVD. Natural and synthetic biomaterials hold great promise for IVD repair. Hydrogels are particularly suitable for the NP, which is a highly hydrated tissue, while fibrous scaffolds may be suitable for closure of the AF. Organ culture bioreactors are instrumental for preclinical testing of the biomaterials’ performance, bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo studies. Here the requirements for NP and AF repair are discussed, and examples of bioreactor-controlled ex vivo studies are demonstrated.
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors grant to the Publisher the following rights to the manuscript, including any supplemental material, and any parts, extracts or elements thereof:
- the right to reproduce and distribute the Manuscript in printed form, including print-on-demand;
- the right to produce prepublications, reprints, and special editions of the Manuscript;
- the right to translate the Manuscript into other languages;
- the right to reproduce the Manuscript using photomechanical or similar means including, but not limited to photocopy, and the right to distribute these reproductions;
- the right to reproduce and distribute the Manuscript electronically or optically on any and all data carriers or storage media – especially in machine readable/digitalized form on data carriers such as hard drive, CD-Rom, DVD, Blu-ray Disc (BD), Mini-Disk, data tape – and the right to reproduce and distribute the Article via these data carriers;
- the right to store the Manuscript in databases, including online databases, and the right of transmission of the Manuscript in all technical systems and modes;
- the right to make the Manuscript available to the public or to closed user groups on individual demand, for use on monitors or other readers (including e-books), and in printable form for the user, either via the internet, other online services, or via internal or external networks.
How to Cite
References
Guo W, Douma L, Hu MH, Eglin D, Alini M, Šećerović A, Grad S, Peng X, Zou X, D'Este M, Peroglio M. Hyaluronic acid-based interpenetrating network hydrogel as a cell carrier for nucleus pulposus repair. Carbohydr Polym. 2022 Feb 1;277:118828. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118828
Vernengo A, Bumann H, Kluser N, Soubrier A, Šećerović A, Gewiess J, Jansen JU, Neidlinger-Wilke C, Wilke HJ, Grad S. Chemonucleolysis combined with dynamic loading for inducing degeneration in bovine caudal intervertebral discs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Aug 30;11:1178938. DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1178938
Alexeev D, Cui S, Grad S, Li Z, Ferguson SJ. Mechanical and biological characterization of a composite annulus fibrosus repair strategy in an endplate delamination model. JOR Spine. 2020 Jul 16;3(4):e1107. DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1107