Biowaste composting process - comparison of a rotary drum composter and open container Original scientific paper

Main Article Content

Maša Buljac
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7518-8904
Nediljka Vukojević-Medvidović
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8646-4249
Ana-Maria Šunjić
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5961-7078
Zvonimir Jukić
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6067-706X
Josip Radić
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2731-4945

Abstract

Composting is recognized as a sustainable waste management approach in which microorganisms treat and stabilize biodegradable waste under aerobic conditions to obtain compost as a final product. In this paper, composting of biowaste in a rotary drum composter (closed system) and an open container (open system) was compared. Temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, a carbon-to-nitrogen mass ratio (C/N ratio) and contents of moisture, carbon and dry and volatile matter, were measured during composting. Results showed decreasing profiles for moisture, volatile matter, and carbon contents, as well as for the C/N ratio, while increasing profiles for the dry matter content and electrical conductivity during composting in both systems. Leachates were formed only during the first three days of composting and were characterized with high organic loads, high ammonia concentrations, low pH, and high conductivity and turbidity. The organic matter content data during the composting process were analysed according to the first order kinetic model. Results suggested that there was a difference in the rate of organic matter decomposition, which was higher when composting in the open vessel than in the rotary drum composter.

Article Details

How to Cite
[1]
M. Buljac, N. Vukojević-Medvidović, A.-M. Šunjić, Z. Jukić, and J. Radić, “Biowaste composting process - comparison of a rotary drum composter and open container: Original scientific paper”, Hem Ind, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 251–262, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.2298/HEMIND220516019B.
Section
Applied Chemistry

How to Cite

[1]
M. Buljac, N. Vukojević-Medvidović, A.-M. Šunjić, Z. Jukić, and J. Radić, “Biowaste composting process - comparison of a rotary drum composter and open container: Original scientific paper”, Hem Ind, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 251–262, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.2298/HEMIND220516019B.

References

Panaretou V, Vakalis S, Ntolka A, Sotiropoulos A, Moustakas K, Malamis D, Loizidou, M. Assessing the alteration of physicochemical characteristics in composted organic waste in a prototype decentralized composting facility. Environ Sci. Pollut. Res. 2019; 26: 20232–20247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05307-7

Malindzakova M, Puskas D. Biodegradable Waste Processing and Quality Control during the Composting Process. J. Manag. Syst. 2019; 20 (169): 128-133. https://www.calitatea.ro/assets/arhiva/2019/QAS_Vol.20_No.169_Apr.2019.pdf

Girón-Rojas C, Gil E, Garcia-Ruiz A, Iglesias N, López M. Assessment of biowaste composting process for industrial support tool development through macro data approach. Waste Manag. 2020; 105: 364–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.02.019

Bruni C, Akyol Ç, Cipolletta G, Eusebi AL, Caniani D, Masi S, Colón J, Fatone F. Decentralized community composting: past, present and future aspects of Italy. Sustainability 2020; 12: 3319. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083319

Chen T, Zhang S, Yuan Z. Adoption of solid organic waste composting products: A critical review. J. Clean. Prod. 2020; 272: 122712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122712

Ordinance on by-products and end-of-waste status NN 117/2014. https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2014_10_117_2217.html (in Croatian)

Oviedo-Ocaña ER, Torres-Lozada P, Marmolejo-Rebellon LF, Hoyos LV, Gonzales S, Barrena R, Komilis D, Sanchez A. Stability and maturity of biowaste composts derived by small municipalities: Correlation among physical, chemical and biological indices. Waste Manag. 2015; 44: 63-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.07.034

Waste management plan in the Republic of Croatia 2017 - 2022 NN 3/2017. https://mingor.gov.hr/UserDocsImages/UPRAVA-ZA-PROCJENU-UTJECAJA-NA-OKOLIS-ODRZIVO-GOSPODARENJE-OTPADOM/Sektor%20za%20odr%C5%BEivo%20gospodarenje%20otpadom/Ostalo/management_plan_of_the_republic_of_croatia_for_the_period_2017-2022.pdf (in Croatian)

Kalamdhad AS, Kazmi A A. Rotary drum composting of different organic waste mixtures. Waste Manag. Res. 2009; 27: 129-137. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X08091865

Nenciu F, Stanciulescu I, Vlad H, Gabur A, Turcu OL, Apostol T, Vladut VN, Cocarta DM, Stan C. Decentralized Processing Performance of Fruit and Vegetable Waste Discarded from Retail, Using an Automated Thermophilic Composting Technology. Sustainability 2022; 14: 2835. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052835

Kalamdhad AS, Singh YK, Ali M, Khwairakpam M, Kazmi AA. Rotary drum composting of vegetable waste and tree leaves. Bioresource Technol. 2009; 100(24): 6442-6450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.030

Nayak AK, Kalamdhad AS. Sewage sludge composting in a rotary drum reactor: stability and kinetic analysis. Int. J. Recycl. Org. Waste Agricult. 2015; 4: 249–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-015-0104-4

Appiah-Effah E, Nyarko KB, Awuah E, Antwi EO. Rotary drum composter as a low cost method for the removal of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris Trichiura in faecal sludge compost. Water Practice Technology 2018; 13(2): 237-246. https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2018.018

Jain MS, Kalamdhad AS. Efficacy of batch mode rotary drum composter for management of aquatic weed (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle). J Environ Manage. 2018; 1(221): 20-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.055

Sharma D, Yadav KD. Application of rotary in-vessel composting and analytical hierarchy process for the selection of a suitable combination of flower waste. Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes 2018; 2(2): 137-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/24749508.2018.1456851

Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 18th Edition, American Public Health Association, NW, Washington, DC 2005. https://www.standardmethods.org/doi/book/10.2105/SMWW.2882?gclid=Cj0KCQiAyracBhDoARIsACGFcS5xhJAkiLPtswQ0lFijr4XwsN46e6snKYFTCigKo_tilzMgmdTwNfQaApGNEALw_wcB

Test methods for the examination of composting and compost, USDA and U.S. Composting Council. 2002. https://www.compostingcouncil.org/store/viewproduct.aspx?id=13656204

Kučić Grgić D, Briški F, Ocelić Bulatović V, Vuković Domanovac M, Domanovac T, Šabić Runjavec M, Miloloža M, Cvetnić M. Composting of agroindustrial waste, biowaste and biodegradable municipal solid waste in adiabatic reactor. Kem. Ind., 2019; 68(9-10): 381-388. https://doi.org/10.15255/KUI.2019.029 (in Croatian).

El Houda Chaher N, Hemidat S, Chakchouk M, Nassour A, Hamdi M, Nelles M. From anaerobic to aerobic treatment: upcycling of digestate as a moisturizing agent for in-vessel composting process. Bioresour. Bioprocess. 2020; 7(60). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-020-00348-0

Lleó T, Albacete E, Barrena R, Font X, Artola A, Sánchez A. Home and vermicomposting as sustainable options for biowaste management. J. Clean. Prod. 2013; 47: 70-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.08.011

Varma VS, Kalamdhad AS, Effects of Leachate during Vegetable Waste Composting using Rotary Drum Composter, Environ. Eng. Res. 2014; 19(1): 67-73; https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2014.19.1.067

Croatian Regulation on Emission Limits Values in Wastewater, NN 26/2020. (In Croatian). Available online: https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci /sluzbeni/2020_03_26_622.html (accessed 20 February 2022)

Roy D, Azaïs A, Benkaraache S, Drogui P, Tyagi RD, Composting leachate: characterization, treatment and future perspectives, Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol. 2018; 17: 323-349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-018-9462-5

Barrena R, Pagans El, Artola A, Vázquez F, Sánchez A. Co-composting of hair waste from the tanning industry with de-inking and municipal wastewater sludges. Biodegradation, 2006; 18(3): 257–268. https://doi:10.1007/s10532-006-9060-z

Vukobratović M, Lončarić Z, Vukobratović Ž, Dadaček N. Changes in chemical properties of manure during composting (in Croatian). Poljoprivreda, 2008; 14(2): 29-37. https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/49516

Leśniańska A, Janowska B, Sidełko R. Immobilization of Zn and Cu in Conditions of Reduced C/N Ratio during Sewage Sludge Composting Process. Energies, 2022: 15: 4507. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15124507

Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio | Planet Natural, https://www.planetnatural.com/composting-101/making/c-n-ratio (Assessed 22. April 2022.

ázquez MA, Sen R, Soto M. Physico-chemical and biological characteristics of compost from decentralised composting programmes. Bioresour. Technol. 2015; 198: 520-532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.034

Kulcu R. New kinetic modeling parametars for composting process applied to composting of chicken manure. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 2016; 18: 734–741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-015-0376-9

Manu MK, Kumar R, Garg A. Drum composting of food waste: A kinetic study. Procedia Environ Sci. 2016; 5: 456–463. https://doi.org 10.1016/j.proenv.2016.07.029

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.