Miscanthus x giganteus as a building material - lightweight concrete Technical paper
Main Article Content
Abstract
A perennial plant Miscanthus x giganteus has found its habitat and multiple applications in Europe, despite the fact that it originates from Asia. This study presents the potential use of this plant in new lightweight concrete materials so-called bio-concretes. The above-ground part of the plant was harvested, dried, crushed, and mixed with binders in different proportions. After casting and drying, the samples were characterized physical and mechanical properties. The results have shown that the sample with a higher content of binders while smaller miscanthus granulation and casted in molds under higher pressure exhibited the highest values of the compressive strength and density. In specific, the density was in the order of magnitude of that reported for other types of lightweight concrete with organic fillers, such as sawdust-based concrete ("Durisol"), which further justifies the use of miscanthus for these purposes.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors grant to the Publisher the following rights to the manuscript, including any supplemental material, and any parts, extracts or elements thereof:
- the right to reproduce and distribute the Manuscript in printed form, including print-on-demand;
- the right to produce prepublications, reprints, and special editions of the Manuscript;
- the right to translate the Manuscript into other languages;
- the right to reproduce the Manuscript using photomechanical or similar means including, but not limited to photocopy, and the right to distribute these reproductions;
- the right to reproduce and distribute the Manuscript electronically or optically on any and all data carriers or storage media – especially in machine readable/digitalized form on data carriers such as hard drive, CD-Rom, DVD, Blu-ray Disc (BD), Mini-Disk, data tape – and the right to reproduce and distribute the Article via these data carriers;
- the right to store the Manuscript in databases, including online databases, and the right of transmission of the Manuscript in all technical systems and modes;
- the right to make the Manuscript available to the public or to closed user groups on individual demand, for use on monitors or other readers (including e-books), and in printable form for the user, either via the internet, other online services, or via internal or external networks.
How to Cite
References
Dželetović Ž, Mihailović H, Glamočlija Đ, Dražić G, Đorđević S, Milovanović M. Žetva i skladištenje Miscanthus x giganteus Greef et Deu. Poljoprivredna tehnika. 2009; 34(3):9-16. (in Serbian)
Babović N, Dražić G, Đorđević A. Mogućnosti korišćenja biomase poreklom od brzorastuće trske Miscanthus×giganteus. Hem. Ind. 2012; 66 (2) 223–233. (in Serbian) https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND110711082B
Drazic G, Arandjelovic M, Milovanovic J, Jureková Z, Marisová E. Potentials for Agro-Energy Crops Production: Example of Miscanthus Cultivation in Serbia, Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica 2015; 2:29-36. https://doi.org/10.1515/aree-2015-0007
Walsh M, McCarthy S. Miscanthus handbook. In Biomass for Energy and Industry, Proceedings of the 10th European Bioenergy Conference. Würzburg, Germany, June 1998. C.A.R.M.E.N. Publishers, Rimpar, pp. 1071-1074.
Lewandowski I, Clifton-Brown JC, Andersson B, Basch G, Christian DG, Jørgensen U., Jones MB, Riche AB, Schwarz KU, Tayebi K, Teixeira F. Environment and harvest time affects the combustion qualities of Miscanthus genotypes. Agron J 2003, 95: 1274-1280. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2003.1274
Proietti S, Sdringola P, Desideri U, Zepparelli F, Masciarelli F, Castellani F. Life Cycle Assessment of a passive house in a seismic temperate zone. Energy Build. 2013; 64: 463-472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.05.013
Mehta PK, Monteiro PJM. In: Concrete: Microstructure, properties, and materials. Chapter 1. Introduction. In Part I - Microstructure and properties of hardened concrete, 3rd ed., New York McGraw-Hill, 2006: p. 3-20.
Loan TT Vo, Navard P. Treatments of plant biomass for cementitious building materials – A review. Constr Build Mater 2016; 121:161-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.125
Khosrow G. Bamboo as reinforcement in structural concrete elements. Cem Concr Compos. 2005; 27:637-649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.06.002
Rahman MA, Parvin F, Hasan M, Hoque ME. Introduction to Manufacturing of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites. In: Salit MS, Yusoff MJNB, Hoque ME, eds. Manufacturing of Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites. Springer International Publishing Switzerland; 2015; 17-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07944-8.
Wambua P, Ivens J, Verpoest I. Natural fibers: can they replace glass in fiber reinforced plastics? Compos Sci Technol. 2003; 63(9): 1259-1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00096-4
Schlup JR and Erickson LE. Incorporating Miscanthus into Building Materials. Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, 2016, Presentation of the project "New Phytotechnology for Cleaning Contaminated Military Sites." https://k-state.instructure.com/courses/57553/files/5553203, Accessed November 5th, 2020
Chen Y, Yu QL, Brouwers HJH. Acoustic Performance and Microstructural Analysis of Bio-based Lightweight Concrete Containing Miscanthus. Constr Build Mat 2017; 157: 839-851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.161
Waldmann D, Thapa V, Dahm F and Faltz C. Masonry Blocks from Lightweight Concrete on the Basis of Miscanthus as Aggregates. In: Barth et al. eds. Perennial Biomass Crops for a Resource-Constrained World. International Publishing Switzerland; 2016; 273-295. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44530-4_23
Venturi P, Huisman W. Modelling the optimization of primary production costs of miscanthus. Biomass for Energy and Industry. Proceedings of the 10th European Conference, Würzburg, Germany, 8–11 June 1998. Rimpar, Germany (Eds. Kopetz H, Weber T, Palz W, Chartier P and Ferrero GL), pp. 806-809.
Venturi P, Huisman W, Molenaar J. Mechanization and Costs of Primary Production Chains for Miscanthus×giganteus in The Netherlands. J Agricul Eng Res. 1998; 69(3): 209-215. https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1997.0239
Huisman W, Kortleve WJ. Mechanization of crop establishment, harvest, and post-harvest conservation of Miscanthus sinensis "Giganteus". Ind Crops Prod. 1994; 2(4): 289-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-6690(94)90120-1
Boix E, Georgi F, Navardž P. Influence of alkali and Si-based treatments on the physical and chemical characteristics of Miscanthus stem fragments. Ind Crops Prod. 2016;91: 6-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.06.030
Zakić D, Savić A, Radević A, Aškrabić M. Praktikum za vežbe i repetitorijum iz građevinskih materijala (). Akademska misao, Belgrade (2016), p.104 (in Serbian)
Aggarwal V, Gupta SM, Sachdeva SN, Kurukshetr CN. Concrete durability through high volume fly ash concrete (HVFC): A Literature review. IJOEST. 2010; 2(9): 4473-4477.
United Nations Environment Programme. Sustainable Cosumption and Production. A Handbook for Policymarkers. 2015. ISBN: 978-92-807-3364-8 available at https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1951Sustainable%20Consumption.pdf
Official Gazette of RS no. 61/2011: Rulebook on energy efficiency of buildings, https://www.mgsi.gov.rs/sites/default/files/PRAVILNIK%20O%20ENERGETSKOJ%20EFIKASNOSTI%20ZGRADA.pdf
Jelić I, Antonijević D, Dražić G, Aleksić J, Petrić I. Utilization of Miscanthus x giganteus as thermal insulation material. XXIV International Conference "Ecological Truth" Eco-ist 16. Vrnjačka banja, Serbia 12-15 June 2016.
Jelić I, Zakić D, Savić A, Antonijević D, Petrić (Šekler) I. Mechanical properties of a new insulation material based on Miscanthus x giganteus. 26th international Conference Ecological Truth & Environmental Research, Bor, Serbia, 12-15 June 2018.
Savić A, Jelić I, Zakić D, Antonijević D, Šekler I, Kostić A. The new thermal insulation material based on the Miscanthus x giganteus and fly ash, The 50th international october conference on mining and metalurgy, Bor, Serbia, 30.9 – 2.10.2018. https://ioc.irmbor.co.rs
Petrić I, Antonijević D, Dražić G, Jelić I. Aspekti korišćenja ekoremediacione biomase kao termoizolacionog materijala, Prva nacionalna konferencija sa međunarodnim učešćem, Ekološke i socijalne inovacije: izazovi primenjenih nauka, 2017. Beograd, Srbija, 2017. (In Serbian)
ASHRAE. Handbook – Fundamentals, Chapter 26: Heat, Air, and Moisture Control in Building Assemblies – Material Properties, 2017 http://edge.rit.edu/content/C09008/public/2009%20ASHRAE%20Handbook
Mitrović A, Đuričić R, Ilić B, Živanović B. Metakaolin: Nova generacija dopunskih cementnih materijala. Materijali i konstrukcije 2005;48: 48-54. https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0543-0798/2005/0543-07980503048M.pdf (in Serbian)
Ali M. Natural fibres as construction materials. J Civ Eng Constr Technol. 2012; 3(3): 80-89. https://doi.org/10.5897/JCECT11.100