Influence of nanofillers on the properties of siloxane elastomers
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
In this study, the influence of nanosilicon(IV)-oxide (with hydrophobic and hydrophilic functionalized surfaces) on the properties of siloxane elastomers was studied. The elastomers were prepared from vinyl and hydrogen oligosiloxanes, while the nanocomposites were obtained by addition of nanofillers at different concentrations (1, 5, 10 and 20 wt%). The chemical structure of the obtained materials was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed good dispersion of the hydrophobic filler within the polymer matrix, while the hydrophilic filler formed a net on the siloxane sample. Type of the filler modification did not affect hardness of the siloxane hybrid materials, while the samples with the highest content of hydrophobic nanosilica have shown the highest value of tensile strength. Influence of the nanosilica type on thermal degradation of elastomeric materials was investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis, while the influence of the fillers on the phase transition temperature was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry. Lower compatibility of the hydrophobic matrix and hydrophilic filler caused a decrease in the crystalline melting temperature with the lowest value determined for the sample with the highest filler loading. Increase in the nanofiller content resulted in the improved thermal stability of the obtained hybrid materials.
Article Details
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors grant to the Publisher the following rights to the manuscript, including any supplemental material, and any parts, extracts or elements thereof:
- the right to reproduce and distribute the Manuscript in printed form, including print-on-demand;
- the right to produce prepublications, reprints, and special editions of the Manuscript;
- the right to translate the Manuscript into other languages;
- the right to reproduce the Manuscript using photomechanical or similar means including, but not limited to photocopy, and the right to distribute these reproductions;
- the right to reproduce and distribute the Manuscript electronically or optically on any and all data carriers or storage media – especially in machine readable/digitalized form on data carriers such as hard drive, CD-Rom, DVD, Blu-ray Disc (BD), Mini-Disk, data tape – and the right to reproduce and distribute the Article via these data carriers;
- the right to store the Manuscript in databases, including online databases, and the right of transmission of the Manuscript in all technical systems and modes;
- the right to make the Manuscript available to the public or to closed user groups on individual demand, for use on monitors or other readers (including e-books), and in printable form for the user, either via the internet, other online services, or via internal or external networks.
How to Cite
References
Treloar LRG. The Physics of Rubber Elasticity. Clarendon Press; 2005.
Mark JE, Erman B. Rubberlike Elasticity: A Molecular Primer. Cambridge University Press; 2007.
Owen MJ. Why silicones behave funny. Chim Nouv. 2005;11:1-11.
Tasic AM, Pergal M V., Antic MP, Antic V V. Synthesis, structure and thermogravimetric analysis of α,ω-telechelic polydimethylsiloxanes of low molecular weight. J Serb Chem Soc. 2017;82(12):1395-1416.
Yilgör İ, McGrath JE. Polysiloxane containing copolymers: A survey of recent developments. InPolysiloxane Copolym Anionic Polymerisation. Springer Germany; 2005:1-86.
Ekin A, Webster DC. Synthesis and characterization of novel hydroxyalkyl carbamate and dihydroxyalkyl carbamate terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) oligomers and their block copolymers with poly(ε-caprolactone). Macromolecules. 2006;39(25):8659-8668.
Dvornic PR, Govedarica MN, Jovanović JD, Gerov V V., Antić MP. Functionalized oligopolysiloxanes by heterogeneously catalyzed equilibration polymerization reactions. Polym Bull. 1995;35(5):539-545.
Boehm P, Mondeshki M, Frey H. Polysiloxane-Backbone Block Copolymers in a One-Pot Synthesis: A Silicone Platform for Facile Functionalization. Macromol Rapid Commun. 2012;33(21):1861-1867.
Marciniec B. Hydrosilylation Polymerisation. In: Hydrosilylation. Springer Netherlands; 2008:191-214.
Trofimov BA, Skotheim TA, Parshina LN, Khilko MY, Oparina LA, Kovalev IP, Gavrilov AB. Polyethylene oxide—polysiloxane branched copolymers and networks. Russ Chem Bull. 1999;48(3):463-469.
Urayama K, Kawamura T, Kohjiya S. Structure–mechanical property correlations of model siloxane elastomers with controlled network topology. Polymer (Guildf). 2009;50(2):347-356.
Ansorge S, Papailiou K. Mechanical properties of silicone rubber under high loadings of alumina trihydrate filler. J Elastomers Plast. 2016;48(4):354-382.
Hidayah N, Mustapha M, Ismail H, Kamarol M. Linear low-density polyethylene/silicone rubber nanocomposites. J Elastomers Plast. 2018;50(1):36-57.
Norkhairunnisa M, Azizan A, Mariatti M, Ismail H, Sim L. Thermal stability and electrical behavior of polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposites with carbon nanotubes and carbon black fillers. J Compos Mater. 2012;46(8):903-910.
Lee J-B, Khang D-Y. Electrical and mechanical characterization of stretchable multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polydimethyl-siloxane elastomeric composite conductors. Compos Sci Technol. 2012;72(11):1257-1263.
Jia Z, Chen S, Zhang J. RTV Silicone Rubber Filled with Surface Modified Montmorillonite. J Macromol Sci Part B. 2012;51(12):2449-2461.
Yue Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Chen Y. Polymer–filler interaction of fumed silica filled polydimethylsiloxane investigated by bound rubber. Compos Sci Technol. 2013;86:1-8.
Chen D, Yi S, Fang P, Zhong Y, Huang C, Wu X. Synthesis and characterization of novel room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubbers using octa[(trimethoxysilyl)ethyl]-POSS as cross-linker. React Funct Polym. 2011;71(4):502-511.
Wen J, Wilkes GL. Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Network Materials by the Sol−Gel Approach. Chem Mater. 1996;8(8):1667-1681.
Allen RC, Wilkes GL, Yilgor I, Wu D, McGrath JE. Synthesis and characterization of poly(dimethylsiloxane) based liquid crystals. Die Makromol Chemie. 1986;187(12):2909-2931.
Tyagi D, Wilkes G, Yilgor I, McGrath JE. Siloxane-urea segmented copolymers. Polym Bull. 1982;8(11-12):543-550.
Cho H-B, Nakayama T, Tokoi Y, Endo S, Tanaka S, Suzuki T, Jiang W, Suematsu H, Niihara K. Facile preparation of a polysiloxane-based hybrid composite with highly-oriented boron nitride nanosheets and an unmodified surface. Compos Sci Technol. 2010;70(12):1681-1686.
Roy N, Bhowmick AK. Novel in situ polydimethylsiloxane-sepiolite nanocomposites: Structure-property relationship. Polymer (Guildf). 2010;51(22):5172-5185.
Alexandru M, Cristea M, Cazacu M, Ioanid A, Simionescu BC. Composite Materials Based on Polydimethylsiloxane and In Situ Generated Silica by Using the Sol–Gel Technique. Polym Compos. 2009;30(6):751-759.
Pergal M V, Dz J V, Steinhart M, Pergal MM, Vodnik V V, Milena S. Structure − Property Correlation Study of Novel Poly ( urethane − ester − siloxane ) Networks. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2013;52:6164−6176.
Flory PJ, Rehner J. Statistical mechanics of cross-linked polymer networks II. Swelling. J Chem Phys. 1943;11(11):521-526.
Bhowmick AK, Hall MM, Benarey HA. Rubber Products Manufacturing Technology. M. Dekker; 1994.
Rajesh G, Maji PK, Bhattacharya M, Choudhury A, Roy N, Saxena A, Bhowmick AK. Liquid Silicone Rubber Vulcanizates: Network Structure - Property Relationship and Cure Kinetics. Polym Polym Compos. 2010;18(9):477-488.
Arkles BC. Patent Number: Date of Patent: US4500688A CURABLE SILICONE CONTAINING COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME.; 1985.
Džunuzović J V., Pergal M V., Jovanović S, Vodnik V V. Sinteza i ispitivanje bubrenja umreženih poliuretana na bazi hiperrazgranatog polimera. Hem Ind. 2011;65(6):637-644.
Sohoni GB, Mark JE. Thermal stability of in situ filled siloxane elastomers. J Appl Polym Sci. 1992;45(10):1763-1775.
Chen D, Chen F, Hu X, Zhang H, Yin X, Zhou Y. Thermal stability, mechanical and optical properties of novel addition cured PDMS composites with nano-silica sol and MQ silicone resin. Compos Sci Technol. 2015;117:307-314.