Analiza parametara cevovodnog transporta sirove nafte
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Abstract
U radu su prikazani rezultati eksperimentalnog istraživanja i simulacije parametara transporta sirove nafte cevima. U Srbiji 70 % proizvedene nafte pripada parafinskom tipu, od čega je preko 25 % nafte sa visokim sadržajem parafina. Nafte sa visokim sadržajem parafina, obično imaju visoku tačku stinjavanja. Sadržaj parafina u sirovoj nafti sa naftnih polja u Vojvodini, Srbija, je 7,5 do 26 %, a temperatura stinjavanja nafti kreće se od 18 do 36 oC. Uvozna sirova nafta ima tačku tečenja maks. 8 oC. Homogenizacijom tj. mešanjem domaće i uvozne sirove nafte dobijaju se bolja svojstva za transport cevima i snižava se tačka stinjavanja. Nakon homogenizacije vrši se prethodno zagrevanje sirove nafte, a potom se transportuje naftovodom do rafinerije na dalju preradu. Fizička svojstva sirove nafte se modifikuju zagrevanjem kako bi se sprečio nastanak voska unutar naftovoda. Sadržaj parafina u nafti ima dominantan uticaj na svojstva visoko parafinskih nafti, a posebno ima negativan uticaj na protočna svojstva nafte. Zagrevanjem nafte, smanjuje se viskoznost, kao i gubici pritiska na trenje pri transportu cevima i dr., odnosno dolazi do poboljšanja protočnih svojstava. U ovom radu je analiziran uticaj promene temperature zagrevanja sirove nafte, viskoznosti i protoka, na pad pritiska, snagu pumpe i brzinu hlađenja nafte na celokupnoj trasi naftovoda.
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