Fenton proces za tretman industrijskih otpadnih voda u disperznim sistemima (Pregledni rad)
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Abstract
Otpadna voda industrijskih procesa u sebi sadrži teško razgradiva organska jedinjenja. Ovakva jedinjenja su izgrađena od molekula sa dugim nizom ugljenikovih atoma, uz prisustvo različitih funkcionalih grupa. Uklanjanje ovih jedinjenja iz otpadne vode, tretmanima kao što su hemijski i biološki, u poslednje vreme zamenjuje se nekonvencionalnim metodama, čija je efikasnost daleko veća. Napredni oksidacioni procesi nemaju ograničenja u poređenju sa konvencionalnim metodama, u pogledu nastajanja neželjenih nus-proizvoda pri mineralizaciji toksičnih zagađujućih supstanci. Fenton proces, ili primena Fentonovog reagensa, izdvojio se od ostalih naprednih oksidacionih procesa kao najprimenjivaniji, zbog svoje jednostavnosti, ekonomičnosti i dostupnosti gvožđa i vodonik-peroksida koji se pri ovom procesu koriste. Fentonov reagens je katalitičko-oksidativna smeša jona gvožđa i vodonik-peroksida. Joni gvožđa Fe2+ iniciraju i katalizuju dekompoziciju H2O2 do hidroksil radikala koji ima sposobnost da oksiduje organsku materiju do ugljek-dioksida i vode. Tokom Fenton procesa, osim hidroksil radikala generišu se i druge radikalne vrste koje takođe učestvuju u razgradnji organske materije. Efikasnost Fenton procesa zavisi od fizičkih i hemijskih karakteristika zagađujuće materije koja podleže tretmanu, kao i operativnih uslova u kojima se proces izvodi. Formiranje mulja, koji čine hidroksidi gvožđa, predstavlja glavni nedostatak ovog procesa. Alternativno rešenje ovog problema, jeste primena Fenton procesa u disperznim sistemima.
Cilj ovog rada je pregled moguće primene Fenton procesa u disperznim sistemima sa akcentom na upotrebi različitih vrsta katalizatora. Kontrolisanjem parametara Fenton procesa u disperznim sistemima, kao što su vrednost pH, temperatura, koncentracija vodonik-peroksida i reakciono vreme, povećava se efikasnost razgradnje složenih organskih materija u otpadnoj vodi. Povećanje efikasnosti ovakvog sistema ima značajnu ulogu za njegovu primenu u komercijalne svrhe.
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