Mineraloška i kristalohemijska svojstva minerala HEU-tipa iz ležišta zeolitskih tufova Srbije
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Abstract
Veliki broj pojava i ležišta prirodnih zeolita piroklastičnog porekla široko rasprostranjenih u miocenskim sedimentima Srbije, su predmet detaljnih istraživanja. Najznačajnija srpska ležišta zeolitskih tufova su: Zlatokop (Vranjski basen), Igroš (Kopaonik), Beočin (Fruška Gora), Toponica i Slanci (Dunavski ključ kod Beograda). Ležišta ovih zeolitskih tufova, prostorno i genetski vezana su za vulkanske i vulkanoklastične stene marinskih sredina senonske i neogenske starosti i jezerskih sedimenata neogene starosti. U procesima devitrifikacije i dijageneze vulkanskog stakla kod zeolitskih tufova došlo je do obrazovanje hipokristalasto porfirske odnosno vitroklastične strukture. Sami zeolitski tufovi u najvećem delu sastavljeni su od hojlandita, koji je prisutan u obliku malih igličastih do pločastih kristala dimenzija od 0,1 do 100 μm (u asocijaciji sa drugim silikatnim i alumosilikatnim fazama približno sličnih specifičnih gustina). U zavisnosti od vrste i sadržaja izmenljivog katjona, kao i termičke stabilnosti ispitivanog zeolitskog tufa razlikujemo Ca-klinoptilolite i Ca-hojlandite. Kapaciteti katjonske izmene zeolitskih tufova imaju vrednosti od 96 do 166 meq/100 g, a spoljašnji kapaciteti se kreću od 8,0 do 10,5 meq/100 g. Ovaj rad se bavi detaljnom karakterizacijom prirodnih zeolita najznačajnijih srpskih ležišta, gde je kristalohemijski sastav zeolita u direktnoj vezi sa genetskim i paragenetskim karakteristikama njihovih ležišta.
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