Uticaj kombinovanih aktivnih punila na svojstva elastomernih materijala za ekološki prihvatljive pneumatike
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Abstract
Primenom stiren-butadienskog kaučuka kao prekursora mreže, i kombinacije nanočestica čađi i silicijum(IV)oksida (SiO2),pri različitim phr sadržajima (50/0, 35/15, 25/25, 15/35, 0/50 phr), sintetisani su nanokompoziti sa adekvatnim svojstvima za ekološki prihvatljive pneumatike. Proučavana je raspodela punila u elastomernoj matrici, i ispitan je uticaj kombinovanih punila na karakteristike mešanja, umrežavanje, kao i na termička, dinamičko-mehanička i mehanička svojstva umreženih nanokompozita. Obrazovanje najvećih aglomerata je uočeno u u strukturi nanokompozita ojačanog sa 25 phr čađi i 25 phr sintetisanog silicijum(IV)oksida. Povećanjem sadržaja silicijum(IV)oksida u kombinovanom punilu, rastu vrednosti minimalnog momenta na 100, 150 i 160 °C (u skladu sa sklonošću SiO2 da učestvuje u punilo-punilo interakcijama). Vreme početka umrežavanja i vreme optimalnog umrežavanja se produžavaju dodatkom SiO2. Primenom modulovane diferencijalno skenirajuće kalorimetrije i dinamičko-mehaničke analize je utvrđena temperatura prelaska u staklasto stanje. Kompoziti sa kombinovanim punilima ispunjavaju zahteve u industriji pneumatika, nisku vrednost mehaničkog faktora gubitaka između 40 i 80 °C, radi smanjenja otpornosti na kotrljanje i uštede u potrošnji goriva, uz istovremeno visoki histerezis na niskim temperaturama (od -20 do 0 °C), u cilju postizanja visoke otpornosti na klizanje na ledu i mokrom kolovozu. Utvrđen je i uticaj dodatka kombinovanog punila na zateznu čvrstoću i otpornost na abraziju sintetisanih nanokompozita.
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