Identifikacija značajnih pritisaka i procena uticaja ispuštanja otpadnih voda na kvalitet vode reke Krivaje
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Abstract
Procena uticaja ispuštanja otpadnih voda je proces koji pomaže da se razume i oceni veličina rizika kao i verovatnoća da dođe do rizika. U radu je primenjen analitički okvir analize pritisaka i uticaja na reku Krivaju. Za procenu uticaja korišteni su podaci o izvoru i značaju pritisaka zagađenja iz koncentrisanih izvora i podaci o stanju vodotoka dobijeni na osnovu monitoringa. Kako bi se uzelo u obzir kumulativno opterećenje izvršen je proračun maksimalnog opterećenja koje reka može da primi, a da ne dođe do narušavanja njenog kvaliteta. Analize količine i kvaliteta otpadnih voda ukazuju na značajne pritiske svih zagađivača, zbog prekoračenja graničnih vrednosti emisije, pre svega biološke potrošnje kiseonika i amonijaka. Većina pokazatelja kvaliteta vode reke Krivaje prekoračuju zahte-vane vrednosti za dobar status. U slučaju parametara kiseoničnog režima i nutrijenata prekoračenje je veće od deset puta, te oni spadaju u parametre visokog rizika. Emitovano opterećenje iz koncentrisanih izvora je veće od prihvatne moći recipijenta pri svakom od merenih proticaja (pri maksimalnom izmerenom protoku opterećenje je 3 puta veće za organske materije i 11 puta za azot). Na osnovu sprovedenog monitoring programa i procene rizika ustanovljeno je da je Krivaja verovatno pod rizikom od nepostizanja zahtevanog kvaliteta vode.
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