Uticaj nanočestica silicijum(IV)oksida na termička i mehanička svojstva nanokompozita na bazi alifatičnih poliuretana
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Abstract
U ovom radu su sintetisane dve serije nanokompozita na bazi alifatičnih poliuretana dodavanjem dva tipa nanopunila silicijum(IV)oksida različitih veličina čestica i specifične površine, u različitim udelima (0,00 0,15, 0,50, 1,00 i 3,50 mas.%). Ispitivan je uticaj nanopunila na termička i mehanička svojstva sintetisanih nanokompozita. Utvrđeno je da prisustvo nanočestica većih dimenzija u poliuretanskoj matrici smanjuje termičku stabilnost i utiče na promenu mehanizma termičke degradacije nanokompozita na bazi alifatičnih poliuretana. Uočeno je da postignuta homogena raspodela SiO2 čestica manjih dimenzija u strukturi nanokompozita na bazi alifatičnih poliuretana utiče na njihovu interakciju sa tvrdim i mekim gradivnim blokovima elastomera, a na osnovu toga i na termičku stabilnost, kao i na povećanje temperature maksimalne brzine prvog i drugog stupnja termičke degradacije. Primenom termogravimetrijske analize i Flin-Volovog (Flynn-Wall) i Tupovog (Toop) kinetičkog modela, dobijeni su podaci o uticaju udela čestica SiO2 manjih dimenzija na vrednosti energije aktivacije i maksimalne temperature kojima nanokompoziti na bazi alifatičnih poliuretana mogu biti izloženi termičkoj degradaciji u vremenskom intervalu od 60 min, a da pri tom ne dođe do gubitka mase većeg od 1 i 5 mas.%. Maksimalne vrednosti energije aktivacije pri 1 i 5 mas.% konverzije su dobijene za uzorke modifikovane dodatkom malih udela A380 nanočestica (0,50 i 0,15 mas.%). Prisustvo nanočestica silicijum(IV)oksida u poliuretanskoj matrici dovodi do opadanja vrednosti zatezne čvrstoće, prekidnog izduženja, Jungovog modula elastičnosti i tvrdoće poliuretanske matrice.
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