Mikrofiltracija sa periodičnim povratnim ispiranjem kao alternativna tehnika za povećanje fluksa permeata
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Abstract
U ovom radu je ispitan uticaj radnih parametara (transmembranski prtisak, temperatura, brzina strujanja retentata) na unakrsnu (cross – flow) mikrofiltraciju model rastvora voćnog soka i periodično povratno ispiranje vazduhom. U eksperimentima je korišćena keramička Kerasep W5 membrana sa granicom separacije od 0,2 µm. Određen je optimalni transmembranski pritisak, koji iznosi 2 bara. Optimalna temperatura procesa bistrenja voćnih sokova mikrofiltracijom je 55°C. Više temperature se ne koriste zbog degradativnog efekta na hemijski sastav soka i dugog procesa mikrofiltracije. Sa porastom temperature retentata od 22°C do 55°C ostvaruje se porast fluksa permeata do 60 %. Povećanjem brzine strujanja retentata smanjuje se debljina formiranog sloja na površini membrane. Zbog ograničenja korišćene aparature i velike površine membrane, postignute specifične brzine strujanja retentata su male, pa efekat unakrsne filtracije izostaje. Periodičnim povratnim ispiranjem se nataloženi sloj na membrani podiže, fluks permeata je u visokoj zoni i sprečava se uspostavljanje stacionarnog stanja u zoni niskih flukseva. Vreme utrošeno na povratno ispiranje je malo u odnosu na povećanje sakupljene mase permeata. U svim eksperimentima sa povratnim ispiranjem sakupljena masa permeata je veća do 72,5 % u odnosu na eksperimente bez povratnog ispiranja. Povećanjem vremena trajanja povratnog ispiranja povećanje fluksa je do 5 %, što može biti značajno za mikrofiltraciju u industrijskim uslovima.
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