Analiza postupanja plastikom iz tretmana električnog i elektronskog otpada u Republici Srbiji i ispitivanje reciklažnog potencijala nemetalične frakcije štampanih ploča
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Abstract
U ovom radu prikazana je analiza količina plastike i štampanih ploča iz električnog i elektronskog otpada (e-otpad) u Republici Srbiji, kao i predlog postupka reciklaže granulata nemetalične frakcije štampane ploče. Cilj rada je analiza reciklata štampanih ploča, kao i mogućnost primene. Podaci o količinama i načinu postupanja sa plastikom i štampanim pločama, dobijeni su putem upitnika koji su poslati operaterima koji tretiraju pomenuti otpad. Rezultati analize upitnika su pokazali da je u 2014. godini rasklapanjem e-otpada izdvojeno 1.870,95 t plastike i 499,85 t štampanih ploča. Za ispitivanje reciklažnog potencijala korišćen je granulat štampanih ploča dobijen nakon mehaničkog predtretmana i selektivnog izdvajanja metala hidrometalurškim postupcima. Karakterizacija granulata sprovedena je kroz ispitivanje granulometrijskog i hemijskog sastava predmetnog materijala za svaku izdvojenu frakciju. Potom je izvršena manuelna klasifikacija različitih tipova polimernih materijala sadržanih u granulatu, kao i određivanje prividne specifične težine i hemijskog sastava klasifikovanih tipova polimernih materijala. Hemijski sastav granulata određen je metodom fluorescencije X-zracima (XRF), dok je identifikacija zaostalih polimernih materijala određena FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) metodom. Na osnovu ovog istraživanja, može se zaključiti da nemetalična frakcija ima upotrebnu vrednost za dobijanje novih polimernih materijala za tehničku upotrebu, što je predmet mnogih istraživanja pomenutih i u ovom radu.
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