Reciklaža katodnog materijala LiCo0,59Mn0,26Ni0,15O2 iz istrošenih litijum-jonskih baterija metodom sagorevanja citratnog gela
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Abstract
Nekoliko istrošenih komercijalnih Li-jonskih baterija reciklirano je relativno brzim, ekonomičnim i jednostavnim postupkom. Posle mehaničkog rastavljanja komponenti komercijalnih baterija sa Li(Co–Mn–Ni)O2 kao katodnim materijalom, ispitana su tri načina odvajanja katodnog materijala od Al kolektora: 1. rastvaranjem Al podloge u alkalnoj sredini, 2. ispiranje pomoću rastvarača N-metilpirolidona i 3. termičkim razaranjem veziva na 700 °C. U pogledu prinosa datog materijala postupak rastvaranja u alkalnoj sredini se pokazao kao najefikasniji. Hemijski sastav pojedinačnih komponenti baterija (košuljice, Al/Cu kolektora, katodnog materijala,...) određen je atomskom apsorpcionom spektrometrijom, pri čemu su ispitivane komponente prethodno prevedene u stanje rastvora. Nakon odvajanja katodnog materijala i prevođenja u stanje nitratnog rastvora ponovo je izvršena sinteza metodom sagorevanja citratnog gela. Dobijeni proizvod je, nakon žarenja na 750 °C, karakterisan metodama difrakcije X-zraka i ramanske spektroskopije. Dobijen je proizvod stehiometrijskog sastava LiCo0,59Mn0,26Ni0,15O2, heksagonalne slojevite strukture tipa α-NaFeO2. Funkcionalnost resintetisanog materijala ispitana je u 1 M rastvoru LiClO4 u propilen-karbonatu, galvanostatskim punjenjem i pražnjenjem, pri gustini struje od 0,7 C. Reciklirani materijal pokazuje relativno dobre kapacitete punjenja i pražnjenja koji iznose 94,9 i 64,8 mA h g–1, redom.
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