Xanthan production on wastewaters from wine industry
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Wine industry generates large volumes of wastewaters resulting from numerous cleaning operations that occur during the different stages of winemaking. Disposal of these effluents in the environment causes huge problems due to their high organic and inorganic load and seasonal variability. The bioconversion of winery wastewaters in valuable product, such as xanthan, is an important alternative to overcome environmental problems. In this research, the possibility of xanthan production using Xanthomonas campestris on blended wastewaters from different stages of white and rose wine production with initial sugar content of 50 g/L was investigated. In addition to the media parameters (content of sugars, total and assimilable nitrogen, phosphorus, total dissolved salts and apparent viscosity), raw xanthan yield and degree of sugar conversion into product were determined in order to examine the success of xanthan biosynthesis. In applied experimental conditions, xanthan yield of 20.92 and 30.64 g/L and sugar conversion into product of 40.23 and 60.73% were achieved on wastewaters from white and rose wine production, respectively. The results of these experiments suggest that winery wastewaters, after additional optimization of the process in terms of the substrate composition and the cultivation conditions, may be a suitable raw material for industrial xanthan production.
Article Details
Issue
Section
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors grant to the Publisher the following rights to the manuscript, including any supplemental material, and any parts, extracts or elements thereof:
- the right to reproduce and distribute the Manuscript in printed form, including print-on-demand;
- the right to produce prepublications, reprints, and special editions of the Manuscript;
- the right to translate the Manuscript into other languages;
- the right to reproduce the Manuscript using photomechanical or similar means including, but not limited to photocopy, and the right to distribute these reproductions;
- the right to reproduce and distribute the Manuscript electronically or optically on any and all data carriers or storage media – especially in machine readable/digitalized form on data carriers such as hard drive, CD-Rom, DVD, Blu-ray Disc (BD), Mini-Disk, data tape – and the right to reproduce and distribute the Article via these data carriers;
- the right to store the Manuscript in databases, including online databases, and the right of transmission of the Manuscript in all technical systems and modes;
- the right to make the Manuscript available to the public or to closed user groups on individual demand, for use on monitors or other readers (including e-books), and in printable form for the user, either via the internet, other online services, or via internal or external networks.
How to Cite
References
C.A. Langton, Chemical Fixation and Stabilization, in: C.H. Oh (Ed.), Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Treatment Technologies Handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2001.
M.T. Montañés, R. Sánchez-Tovar, M.S. Roux, The effectiveness of the stabilization/solidification process on the leachability and toxicity of the tannery sludge chromium, J. Environ Manage. 143 (2014) 71–79.
I.H. Yoon, D.H. Moon, K.W. Kima, K.Y. Lee, J.H. Lee, M.G. Kim, Mechanism for the stabilization/solidification of arsenic-contaminated soils with Portland cement and cement kiln dust, J. Environ Manage. 91 (2010) 2322–2328.
ANS (American National Standard) ANSI/ANS 16.1 American National Standard for the measurement of the leachability of solidified low-level radioactive wastes by short-term tests procedures. American National Standards Institute, New York, 1986.
D. Dermatas, X. Meng, Utilisation of fly ash for stabilization/solidification of heavy metal contaminated soils, Eng. Geol. 70 (2003) 377–394.
G.J. De Groot, H.A. van der Sloot, Determination of leaching characteristics of waste materials leading to environmental product certification, in: Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes, STP 1123, 2 (1992) 149–170.
A.T. Lima, L.M. Ottosen, A.B. Ribeiro, Assessing fly ash treatment: Remediation and stabilization of heavy metals, J. Environ Manage. 95 (2012) 110–115.
W.J. Halstead, Use of fly ash in concrete. NCHRP 127. Washington: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1986.
D.H. Moon, D. Dermatas, Arsenic and lead release from fly ash stabilized/solidified soils under modified semidynamic leaching conditions, J. Hazard. Mater. 141 (2007) 388–394.
E. Kalkan, Utilization of red mud as a stabilization material for the preparation of clay liners, Eng. Geol. 87 (2006) 220–229.
J. Yang, B. Xiao, Development of unsintered construction materials from red mud wastes produced in the sintering alumina process, Constr. Build. Mater. 22 (2008) 2299–2307.
N. Zhang, H. Sun, X. Liu, J. Zhang, Early-age characteristics of red mud–coal gangue cementitious material, J. Hazard Mater. 167 (2009) 927–932.
I. Vangelatos, G. Angelopoulos, D. Boufounos, Utilization of ferroalumina as raw material in the production of ordinary Portland cement, J Hazard Mater. 168 (2009) 473–478.
K. Snars, R.J. Gilkes, Evaluation of bauxite residues (red muds) of different origins for environmental applications, Appl. Clay Sci. 46 (2009) 13–20.
G. Atun, G. Hisarli, A study of surface properties of red mud by potentiometric method, J. Colloid. Interf. Sci. 228 (2000) 40–45.
S. Sushil, V.S. Batra, Catalytic applications of red mud, an aluminium industry waste: a review, Appl. Catal., B: Environ. 81 (2008) 64–77.
K. Zhang, H. Hu, L. Zhang, Q. Chen, Surface charge properties of red mud particles generated from Chinese diaspore bauxite, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 18 (2008) 1285–1289.
USEPA Method 3051a, 2007, Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, soils and, Revision 1.
USEPA Method 7010, February 2007, Graphite Furnace Absorption Spectrophotometry, Revision 0.
ASTM D1557-00 Standard test method for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort American Society for Testing Materials. Annual book of ASTM standards:ASTMD1557-91, vol. 4.08. ASTM, Philadelphia, PA.
J.S. Nathwani, C.R. Phillips, Leachability of Ra-226 from uranium mill tailings consolidated with naturally occurring materials and/or cement: analysis based on mass transport equation, Water Air Soil Pollut. 14 (1980) 389–402.
Environment Canada, 1991, Proposed Evaluation Protocol for Cement-Based Solidified Wastes, Environmental Protection Series. Report No. EPS 3/HA/9.
USEPA. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, method 1311, 2002b. Available at: www. EPA.gov/SW-846/1311.pdf.
DIN 38414-4 Teil 4: Schlamm und Sedimente, Gruppe S., Bestimmung der Eluierbarkeitmit Wasser S4, BeuthVerlag, Berlin, 1984.
A.G. Kim, P. Hesbach, Comparison of fly ash leaching methods, Fuel 88 (2009) 926–937.
M.K. Jamali, T.G. Kazi, M.B. Arain, H.I. Afridi, N. Jalbani, G.A. Kandhro, A.Q. Shah, and J.A. Baig, Speciation of heavy metals in untreated sewage sludge by using microwave assisted sequential extraction procedure, J. Hazard. Mater. 163 (2009) 1157–1164.
Y. Yao, Y. Li, X. Liu, S. Jiang, C. Feng, E. Rafanan, Characterization on a cementitious material composed of red mud and coal industry byproducts, Constr. Build. Mater. 47 (2013) 496–501.
N. Zhanga, X. Liu, H. Sun, L. Li, Evaluation of blends bauxite-calcination-method red mud with other industrial wastes as a cementitious material: Properties and hydration characteristics, J. Hazard. Mater. 185 (2011) 329–335.
A. Tariq, E.K. Yanful, A review of binders used in cemented paste tailings for underground and surface disposal practices, J. Environ Manage. 131 (2013) 138–149.
USEPA 658/09, Solid waste disposal, Supporting documentation for draft Guideline for solid waste: criteria for assessment, classification and disposal of waste.
Waste classification guidelines, Part 1, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW, 2009
C.N. Mulligan, R.N. Yong, B.F. Gibbs, An evaluation of technologies for the heavy remediation of dredged sediments, J. Hazard.Mater. 85 (2001) 145–163.
A. Tessier, P.G.C. Campbell, and M. Bisson, Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals, Anal. Chem. 51 (1979) 844–851.
S. Mohan, R. Ganhimathi, Removal of heavy metal ions from municipal solid waste lechate using coal fly ash as an adsorbent, J. Hazard. Mater. 169 (2009) 351–359.
H.S. Altundogan, S. Altundogan, F. Tumen, M. Bildik, Arsenic adsorption from aqueous solutions by activated red mud, Waste Manage. 22 (2002) 357–363.
C. Brunori, C. Cremisini, P. Massanisso, V. Pinto, L. Torricelli, Reuse of a treated red mud bauxite waste: studies on environmental compatibility, J. Hazard Mater. 117 (2005) 55–63.
LAGA, 1996, Cooperation of the German federal authorities on waste, Anforderungenan die stofflicheVerwertung von mineralischenReststoffen/Abfällen, 5 September, 1995, Berlin, Erich Schmidt Verlag.
Official Journal of the European Communities, L11, Council Decision 2003/33/EC of 19 December establishing criteria and procedures for the acceptance of waste at landfills pursuant to Article 16 of and Annex II to Directive 1999/31/EC, 2002.