REACTION PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION OF AMMONIUM SULFATE PRODUCTION FROM PHOSPHOGYPSUM

Original scientific paper

Authors

  • Cemre Avşar Toros Agri-Industry, Research and Development Center, Mersin, Turkey and University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ankara, Turkey https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8953-9859
  • Suna Ertunç Ankara University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ankara, Turkey

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ231130013A

Keywords:

Ammonium sulfate, circular economy, wet conversion, phosphogypsum, resource recovery

Abstract

Phosphogypsum (PG), the by-product of wet process phosphoric acid production, has a high recycle and reuse potential within the scope of compliance with CE strategies. This study offers a straightforward, two-step solid/liquid heterogeneous reaction sequence, providing the conversion of PG to ammonium sulfate (AS). Experiments were conducted following the OFAT design matrix with 3 factors, namely solid/liquid (w/v) ratio, pH, and particle size. The highest PG to AS conversion was achieved at 54.55% by utilizing PG below 125 µm particle size in the reaction performed with 1/10 solid/liquid (w/v) ratio at pH 10. Nitrogen and sulfur content of AS samples were characterized by Dumas Method and gravimetric SO4 (ISO 9280:1990) analysis, respectively. The elemental composition was determined by ICP-OES, the crystallographic structure was investigated by XRD analysis, and the surface morphology of the particles obtained in the reaction was examined by SEM analysis. The chemical composition of AS product obtained at these conditions was determined as 21.29 wt% nitrogen and 24.23 wt% sulfur, respectively; where theoretical nitrogen and sulfur content in AS is 21.21 wt% and 24.24 wt%, respectively. This study provides outputs that have industrial importance since it proposes a novel approach for effective waste valorization and a new insight into AS production in the current fertilizer shortage.

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Published

03.03.2025

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Vol. 31 No. 1 (2025)

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Copyright (c) 2025 Cemre Avşar, Suna Ertunç

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How to Cite

REACTION PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION OF AMMONIUM SULFATE PRODUCTION FROM PHOSPHOGYPSUM: Original scientific paper. (2025). Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ231130013A

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