Biodegradation of protective masks (COVID-19) in compost and aqueous media
Original scientific paper
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ230921021VKeywords:
Protective masks, linen/cotton, himalayan hemp, respirometry, FTIRAbstract
The study of biodegradation of facial masks made of natural and synthetic materials was performed. The experimental part was performed with a respirometer from the Slovenian manufacturer ECHO Instruments. We conducted a preliminary test to select the compost with the highest activity for further work. The rate of biodegradation of the materials was calculated based on measurements of the carbon dioxide produced in the reactors. The biodegradability results of the materials were verified using FTIR spectroscopy and microscope images. Masks made of linen and cotton particles performed best biodegradation at 72 %, while particles of masks made of polypropylene (PP) did not degrade. Since there are no studies on biodegradability in water, the second part of our study was to investigate the rate of degradation of the masks in wastewater. Based on the FTIR spectra obtained, the presence of new functional groups on the surface of the protective masks was confirmed as a result of the oxidation process. Humovit compost was chosen as the inoculum for the water medium. We determined the highest degree of biodegradation for the linen/cotton mask (67 % in 75 days).
References
O.O. Fadare, E.D. Okoffo, Sci. Total. Environ. 1(737) (2020) 140279. https://doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140279.
A. Brochocka, A.Nowak, K.Majchrzycka, M. Puchalski, S. Sztajnowski, Materials 13(3) (2020) 712. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030712.
X. Wang, D. Huang , J.H. Ji, C. Völker, F. Wurm, Adv. Sci. 8(1) (2021) 2001121.
https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202001121
S. Adanur, A. Jayswal, J. Ind. Text. 51(3) (2022) 3683S-3717S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083720980169
N. A.Hasan, R.D. Heal, A. Bashar, M.M. Haque, Environ. Challenges 4 (2021) 100126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100126
S.K. Kale, A.G. Deshmukh, M.S Dudhare, V.B. Patil, J. Biochem. Technol. 6(2) (2015) 952-961. https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2021.13.01.245
Y.K Song, S.H. Hong, M. Jang, G.M. Han, S.W. Jung, W.J. Shim, Environ. Sci. Technol. 51 (2017) 4368-4376. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06155
M. Kozjek, D. Vengust, T. Radošević, G. Žitko, S. Koren, N. Toplak, I. Jerman, M. Butala, M. Podlogar, M.K. Viršek, Sci. Total. Environ. 856(1) (2023) 158786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158786
S. Miri, R. Saini, S.M. Davoodi, R. Pulicharla, S.K. Brar, S. Magdouli, Chemosphere 286 (1) (2022) 131670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131670
S. Muenmee, W. Chiemchaisri, C. Chiemchaisri, Int. Biodeter. Biodegr. 113 (2016) 244-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.03.016
S. Skariyachan, A.S. Setlur, S.Y. Naik, A.A. Naik, M. Usharani, K.S. Vasist, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 24(9) (2017) 8443-8457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8537-0
H. Spanjers, P. Vanrolleghem, G. Olsson, P. Doldt, Water Sci. Technol. 34 (3-4) (1996) 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1223(96)84211-9
M.S. Rahman, M.A. Islam, Appl. Water Sci. 5 (2014) 241-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-014-0185-7
U. Strotmann, G. Thouand, U. Pagga, S. Gartiser, H. Heipieper, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 107 (2023) 2073–2095. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12406-6
R.P. Dumitriu, E.Stoleru, G.R. Mitchell, C. Vasile, M. Brebu, Molecules 26 (2021) 5498. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185498
A. Irimia, E. Stoleru, C. Vasile, A. Bele, M Brebu, Coatings 11(10) (2021) 1211. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11101211
ISO 14855-2 (2018) Determination of the ultimative aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions – Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide – Part 2: Gravimetric measurement of carbon dioxide evolved in a laboratory-scale test, Geneva, Switzerland
ISO 14852 (2021) Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium — Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide, Geneva, Switzerland
S. Skariyachan, A.A. Patil, A. Shankar, M. Manjunath, N. Bachappanavar, S. Kiran, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 149 (2018) 52-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.POLYMDEGRADSTAB.2018.01.018
J.M. Jeon, S.J. Park, T.R. Choi, J.H. Park, Y.H. Yang, J.J. Yoon, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 191 (2021) 109662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109662
H.S. Auta, C.U. Emenike, B. Jayanthi, S.H. Fauziah, Mar. Pollut. Bull. 127 (2018) 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.036
M. Esmaeilzadeh, A. Rashidi, Environ. Sci Pollut. Res. 25(29) (2018) 29070-29077. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2917-y
L. Reisman, A. Siehr, J. Horn, D.C. Batiste, H. Kim, G.X. De Hoe, J. Ellison, W. Shen, E.M. White, MA. Hillmyer, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 9 (2021) 2736-2744. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08026
A. Karimah, M.R. Ridho, S.S. Munawar, D.S. Adi, I. Notowiharjo, R. Damayanti, B. Subiyanto, W. Fatriasari, A. Fudholi, J Mater. Res. Technol. 13 (10) (2021) 2442–2458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.06.014
S. Skariyachan, N. Taskeen, A.P. Kishore, B.V. Krishna, G. Naidu, J. Environ. Manage. 284 (9) (2021) 112030. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112030.
E.H. Portella, D. Romanzini, C. Angrizani, S.C. Amico, A.J. Zattera, Mater. Res. 19 (3) (2016) https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2016-0058
M.C. Zambrano, J.J. Pawlak, J. Daystar, M Ankeny, C.C. Goller, R.A. Venditti, Mar. Pollut. Bull. 151 (2020) 110826. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110826
P. Luthra, V.K. Kottiyath, V. Goel, R. Singh, G.S. Kapur, SN Appl. Sci. 2 (2020) 512. 10.1007/s42452-020-2287-1
S. Francesco, V. Maurizio, R. Clarissa, B. Davide. G. Paolo, L. Marina, Environ. Adv. 4 (2021) 100042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2021.100042
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Julija Volmajer Valh, Matejka Turel, Andrej Holobar, Marjana Simonič
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors grant to the Publisher the following rights to the manuscript, including any supplemental material, and any parts, extracts or elements thereof:
- the right to reproduce and distribute the Manuscript in printed form, including print-on-demand;
- the right to produce prepublications, reprints, and special editions of the Manuscript;
- the right to translate the Manuscript into other languages;
- the right to reproduce the Manuscript using photomechanical or similar means including, but not limited to photocopy, and the right to distribute these reproductions;
- the right to reproduce and distribute the Manuscript electronically or optically on any and all data carriers or storage media – especially in machine readable/digitalized form on data carriers such as hard drive, CD-Rom, DVD, Blu-ray Disc (BD), Mini-Disk, data tape – and the right to reproduce and distribute the Article via these data carriers;
- the right to store the Manuscript in databases, including online databases, and the right of transmission of the Manuscript in all technical systems and modes;
- the right to make the Manuscript available to the public or to closed user groups on individual demand, for use on monitors or other readers (including e-books), and in printable form for the user, either via the internet, other online services, or via internal or external networks.
How to Cite
Funding data
-
Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS
Grant numbers P2-0118;P2-0032
