THE EFFECT OF VACUUM PROCESS ON BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM PALM KERNEL FATTY ACID DISTILLATE

Original scientific paper

Authors

  • Rondang Tambun Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6320-7322
  • Bode Haryanto Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5803-1377
  • Anggara Dwita Burmana Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7132-3913
  • Vikram Alexander Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-8345

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ221026012T

Keywords:

biodiesel production, palm kernel fatty acid distillate, vacuum process

Abstract

This study examines the operating pressure effect on the manufacture of biodiesel from Palm Kernel Fatty Acid Distillate (PKFAD) by using para-Toluene Sulfonic Acid (PTSA) catalyst. The operating pressures studied are the vacuum pressures of 70 kPa, 80 kPa, 90 kPa, and 100 kPa, which varied with PTSA concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%, and the molar ratios of methanol and PKFAD are 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, and 10:1. Biodiesel production from PKFAD was carried out with reaction duration of 120 minutes and reaction temperature at 50 0C. The amounts of fatty acids converted to biodiesel were calculated based on the initial and acid numbers after the esterification reaction. The results show that a vacuum pressure of 70 kPa to 100 kPa provides a conversion above 96% for all catalyst concentrations and all methanol and PKFAD molar ratios. The highest conversion of PKFAD to biodiesel of 98.6% is obtained at an operating pressure of 80 kPa, a catalyst concentration of 25%, and the molar ratio of methanol and PKFAD is 10:1. The biodiesel characteristics obtained in this study have met the standards of the American Society for Testing Materials.

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Published

13.06.2023 — Updated on 06.10.2023

Issue

Vol. 30 No. 1 (2024)

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Copyright (c) 2023 Rondang Tambun, Anggara Dwita Burmana , Bod Haryanto, Vikram Alexander

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How to Cite

THE EFFECT OF VACUUM PROCESS ON BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM PALM KERNEL FATTY ACID DISTILLATE: Original scientific paper. (2023). Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 30(1), 73-79. https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ221026012T

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